一:背景

1. 讲故事

前几天有位朋友在微信上找到我,说他的软件卡死了,分析了下也不知道是咋回事,让我帮忙看一下,很多朋友都知道,我分析dump是免费的,当然也不是所有的dump我都能搞定,也只能尽自己最大能力帮助别人缩小问题范围吧,既然dump有了,接下来就开启分析之路。

二:WinDbg分析

1. 为什么会卡死

不同类型的程序卡死的解决思路是不一样的,朋友也说了是窗体程序,那就重点观察下主线程吧,使用 k 命令即可。


0:000> k 25
 # Child-SP          RetAddr               Call Site
00 00000000`007fc8d8 00007ffd`87439b13     ntdll!NtWaitForAlertByThreadId+0x14
01 00000000`007fc8e0 00007ffd`87439a06     ntdll!RtlpWaitOnAddressWithTimeout+0x43
02 00000000`007fc910 00007ffd`8743987d     ntdll!RtlpWaitOnAddress+0xae
03 00000000`007fc980 00007ffd`87435fdc     ntdll!RtlpWaitOnCriticalSection+0xd9
04 00000000`007fc9f0 00007ffd`87435ef0     ntdll!RtlpEnterCriticalSectionContended+0xdc
05 00000000`007fca20 00007ffd`536839ea     ntdll!RtlEnterCriticalSection+0x40
06 00000000`007fca50 00007ffd`5368470a     AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::CRegLock::CRegLock+0x1a
07 00000000`007fca90 00007ffd`536726d2     AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::APIHook_RegOpenKeyExW+0x2a
08 00000000`007fcb10 00007ffd`778e550b     AcLayers!NS_WRPMitigation::APIHook_RegOpenKeyExW+0x42
09 00000000`007fcb60 00007ffd`778e5437     xxx!GetCodePageForFont+0xa7
0a 00000000`007fcc90 00007ffd`778e5296     xxx!CToolTipsMgr::NewFont+0x113
0b 00000000`007fcda0 00007ffd`778e18f9     xxx!CToolTipsMgr::LoadTheme+0xb2
0c 00000000`007fcdd0 00007ffd`84b9ca66     xxx!CToolTipsMgr::s_ToolTipsWndProc+0x1b9
0d 00000000`007fce10 00007ffd`84b9c34b     user32!UserCallWinProcCheckWow+0x266
0e 00000000`007fcf90 00007ffd`4f36b1cc     user32!CallWindowProcW+0x8b
0f 00000000`007fcfe0 00007ffd`4f39ccac     System_Windows_Forms_ni!System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.DefWndProc+0x9c
10 00000000`007fd090 00007ffd`4f39cc05     System_Windows_Forms_ni!System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip.WndProc+0x9c
11 00000000`007fd260 00007ffd`4f36a3a3     System_Windows_Forms_ni!System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip.ToolTipNativeWindow.WndProc+0x15
12 00000000`007fd290 00007ffd`4f9e1161     System_Windows_Forms_ni!System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback+0xc3
13 00000000`007fd330 00007ffd`52c8222e     System_Windows_Forms_ni+0x8d1161
14 00000000`007fd3a0 00007ffd`84b9ca66     clr!UMThunkStub+0x6e
15 00000000`007fd430 00007ffd`84b9c78c     user32!UserCallWinProcCheckWow+0x266
16 00000000`007fd5b0 00007ffd`84bb3b32     user32!DispatchClientMessage+0x9c
17 00000000`007fd610 00007ffd`874c22c4     user32!__fnINLPCREATESTRUCT+0xa2
18 00000000`007fd670 00007ffd`836a1f24     ntdll!KiUserCallbackDispatcherContinue
19 00000000`007fd7e8 00007ffd`84ba15df     win32u!NtUserCreateWindowEx+0x14
1a 00000000`007fd7f0 00007ffd`84ba11d4     user32!VerNtUserCreateWindowEx+0x20f
1b 00000000`007fdb80 00007ffd`84ba1012     user32!CreateWindowInternal+0x1b4
1c 00000000`007fdce0 00007ffd`4f3e8098     user32!CreateWindowExW+0x82
1d 00000000`007fdd70 00007ffd`4f3696f0     System_Windows_Forms_ni+0x2d8098
...

从卦象看,很明显主线程卡在 NtWaitForAlertByThreadId 上,这是有问题的,接下来我们仔细解读下线程栈。

  • DispatchClientMessage

这个方法表示当前从 queue 中拿到了别的线程通过 Invoke 送过来的信息,正在处理中。

  • LoadTheme

这个方法表示正在用主线程更新窗体样式

  • APIHook_RegOpenKeyExW

首先说一下 AcLayers.dll,专业名词叫 垫片,详情可以看一下《软件调试》,它主要用来处理一些系统级兼容性的问题,然后可以看到它在查询注册表时有一个lock操作。

在非托管代码中,lock 一般都用 临界区(CriticalSection) 实现,那到底它等待的临界区被谁持有着呢?

2. 谁持有着临界区锁

要想获取锁的持有信息,可以使用 !cs -l 或者 !locks,但这里要提醒一下,在真实的dump分析过程中,有时候不准,所以更好的办法就是从线程栈上提取,那怎么提取呢? 其实就是寻找 ntdll!RtlEnterCriticalSection 方法的第一个参数即可,方法签名如下:


VOID RtlEnterCriticalSection(
  PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION CriticalSection
);

接下来反汇编下 00007ffd536839ea 处的代码,看看 rcx 寄存器是怎么传下来的。


0:000> ub 00007ffd`536839ea
AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::OPENKEY::AddEnumEntries<NS_VirtualRegistry::VIRTUALVAL>+0x11a:
00007ffd`536839ce cc              int     3
00007ffd`536839cf cc              int     3
AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::CRegLock::CRegLock:
00007ffd`536839d0 48895c2408      mov     qword ptr [rsp+8],rbx
00007ffd`536839d5 57              push    rdi
00007ffd`536839d6 4883ec30        sub     rsp,30h
00007ffd`536839da 488bf9          mov     rdi,rcx
00007ffd`536839dd 488d0d4c7f0300  lea     rcx,[AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::csRegCriticalSection (00007ffd`536bb930)]
00007ffd`536839e4 ff15ae660100    call    qword ptr [AcLayers!_imp_EnterCriticalSection (00007ffd`5369a098)]

从卦象上看,很吉利,这个 rcx 原来是一个全局变量 AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::csRegCriticalSection, 接下来用 !cs 观察下到底被谁持有着。


0:000> !cs AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::csRegCriticalSection
-----------------------------------------
Critical section   = 0x00007ffd536bb930 (AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::csRegCriticalSection+0x0)
DebugInfo          = 0x000000001c4e58e0
LOCKED
LockCount          = 0x2
WaiterWoken        = No
OwningThread       = 0x0000000000001d20
RecursionCount     = 0x1
LockSemaphore      = 0xFFFFFFFF
SpinCount          = 0x00000000020007ce

这又是一副吉卦,可以看到当前持有线程是 1d20,那这个线程正在做什么呢?

3. 1d20 线程为什么持锁不释放

案情往前推进了一步,我们切过去观察下这个线程栈。


0:000> ~~[1d20]s
ntdll!NtDelayExecution+0x14:
00007ffd`874bec14 c3              ret
0:028> kL
 # Child-SP          RetAddr               Call Site
00 00000000`33ccd948 00007ffd`83955381     ntdll!NtDelayExecution+0x14
01 00000000`33ccd950 00007ffd`6d4a2361     KERNELBASE!SleepEx+0xa1
02 00000000`33ccd9f0 00007ffd`8520a75c     perfts!CloseLagPerfData+0x21
03 00000000`33ccda30 00007ffd`85209ccd     advapi32!CloseExtObjectLibrary+0xec
04 00000000`33ccda90 00007ffd`8396dc6a     advapi32!PerfRegCloseKey+0x15d
05 00000000`33ccdae0 00007ffd`839715e6     KERNELBASE!BaseRegCloseKeyInternal+0x72
06 00000000`33ccdb10 00007ffd`83935209     KERNELBASE!ClosePredefinedHandle+0x96
07 00000000`33ccdb40 00007ffd`53685d71     KERNELBASE!RegCloseKey+0x149
08 00000000`33ccdba0 00007ffd`53683ae5     AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::CVirtualRegistry::CloseKey+0xbd
09 00000000`33ccdbf0 00007ffd`51c7737e     AcLayers!NS_VirtualRegistry::APIHook_RegCloseKey+0x25
0a 00000000`33ccdc30 00007ffd`51bf4be2     mscorlib_ni+0x58737e
0b 00000000`33ccdce0 00007ffd`513c356a     mscorlib_ni!Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey.Dispose+0x72
0c 00000000`33ccdd20 00007ffd`513c34b9     System_ni!System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounterLib.GetStringTable+0x41a
...
13 00000000`33cce050 00007ffd`513bfe3c     System_ni!System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter..ctor+0xd7
14 00000000`33cce0a0 00007ffc`f45cb2ce     System_ni!System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounter..ctor+0x1c
15 00000000`33cce0d0 00007ffc`f45cb14c     0x00007ffc`f45cb2ce
16 00000000`33cce120 00007ffc`f45cb023     0x00007ffc`f45cb14c
...

从卦中看,这个线程貌似在用 CloseLagPerfData 方法关闭一些东西时一直在Sleep等待,可以反汇编 00007ffd6d4a2361 处代码看看等待多久。


0:028> ub 00007ffd`6d4a2361
perfts!CloseLagPerfData+0x5:
00007ffd`6d4a2345 55              push    rbp
00007ffd`6d4a2346 488bec          mov     rbp,rsp
00007ffd`6d4a2349 4883ec30        sub     rsp,30h
00007ffd`6d4a234d e8720e0000      call    perfts!LagCounterManager::Cleanup (00007ffd`6d4a31c4)
00007ffd`6d4a2352 33db            xor     ebx,ebx
00007ffd`6d4a2354 eb0b            jmp     perfts!CloseLagPerfData+0x21 (00007ffd`6d4a2361)
00007ffd`6d4a2356 b964000000      mov     ecx,64h
00007ffd`6d4a235b ff15c74e0000    call    qword ptr [perfts!_imp_Sleep (00007ffd`6d4a7228)]
...

从卦中的 mov ecx,64h 可以看到是 Sleep(100) 毫秒,更多细节也没空继续追究了,但不管怎么样,它是由上层的计数器类 PerformanceCounter引发的,这里学一下 4S 店的做法,让朋友能不能不要调用 PerformanceCounter 这个类,咱躲开他就可以了,截图如下:

去掉之后,朋友反馈问题消失。

三:总结

说来也奇怪,最近发现了二起由 PerformanceCounter 引发的程序卡死,把经验留在这里,希望后来人少踩坑吧!